A quick summary of Pedigree chart basics.
• Pedigree Chart Symbols and Lines: A circle denotes a female, a square represents a male. Shading indicates the presence of a trait or disease. Lines illustrate relationships: a horizontal line connects a couple (marriage line), a vertical line shows offspring (line of descent), and a horizontal line connecting siblings indicates their relationship (sibling line). • Recessive Trait Determination: The example pedigree chart demonstrates a recessive trait. Since neither parent in Generation 1 exhibits the trait, but their offspring does, the trait must be recessive; both parents are heterozygous carriers. This is because both parents would need to contribute a recessive allele for the offspring to express the trait. • Genotype Analysis: Analysis of the offspring's genotypes helps determine parental genotypes. For instance, knowing the male in Generation 2 has the recessive trait (homozygous recessive), his partner must carry at least one dominant allele (heterozygous) to produce offspring without the trait. The chart analysis provides further genotype predictions for other family members.
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