A flashlight can help explain why Earth has seasons. When the flashlight shines directly at a 90° angle, the light and energy are concentrated in a small area. When the flashlight is tilted to a lower angle, the same energy spreads over a larger area, making the light less intense.
Earth is tilted about 23.5 degrees on its axis as it revolves around the Sun. During summer in the Northern Hemisphere, sunlight hits more directly, concentrating energy and creating warmer temperatures. During winter, sunlight strikes at a lower angle, spreading the energy out and causing cooler temperatures. In spring and fall, the sunlight angle is between summer and winter, leading to moderate temperatures. Direct and indirect sunlight caused by Earth’s tilt is the main reason for the seasons.
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