In this video, let’s review some important Earth science vocabulary related to geology: chemical weathering, mechanical weathering, sediment, deposition, and soil.
Chemical weathering happens when water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or other substances react with rock and change its composition. Over time, the rock can become a different material. For example, acid rain can slowly dissolve limestone, and iron in rocks can react with oxygen to form rust.
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing what the rock is made of. A common example is ice wedging, when water enters cracks in a rock, freezes, expands, and causes the rock to break apart.
Sediment is made of small pieces of rock, minerals, and organic material that have been broken down. These pieces can be moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Deposition happens when sediment is dropped or laid down after being transported. For example, when a river slows down, it can deposit sediment and form a delta.
Finally, soil is a mixture of sediment, organic matter, water, and air. It forms over time as rocks break down and mix with decayed plants and animals.
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