What is the ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is composed of EM waves. Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field.

In other words, EM waves are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields. This is why they are called, "electromagnetic’ waves." The electric field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. These waves are also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave. The direction of the wave is also called the propagation of the wave.

The electromagnetic spectrum is ordered by frequency, which is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point per second. Frequency is measured in hertz. The spectrum has a very wide range from radio waves which have a frequency of 108 Hz to an incredibly small gamma ray with a frequency of 1020 Hz.

An electromagnetic wave can travel through anything including air, a solid material, or even a vacuum. It does not need a medium to propagate or travel from one place to another.

Let’s take a look at the electromagnetic spectrum.

Radio waves have a low frequency and they have a wavelength roughly the size of a soccer field. Moving to the right are microwaves and they have wavelengths roughly the size of a baseball.

In the middle is visible light with a wavelength of the size of bacteria.

Visible light is subdivided with the color red having the lowest frequency and blue having the highest frequency.

X-rays are slightly larger than a water molecule and radioactive sources are the size of atoms.

The electromagnetic spectrum is used in everyday life from listening to music, to visible light, to microwave ovens, and even looking inside our bodies.

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Visible Light

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What is a Parallelogram?

Properties of a Parallelogram

• It is a 2D Plane shape 
• Has Straight lines
• It is a Quadrilateral so it has 4 sides and is a closed figure.
• It has opposite sides are parallel.
• The Opposite sides are congruent ( equal)
• The opposite angles are congruent
• The consecutive angles are supplementary or add to 180 degrees
• The diagonals bisect one another 
• The diagonals bisect angles creating opposite congruent triangles.

A trapezoid is not a parallelogram because by definition it only has one pair of parallel sides.

A circle is not a parallelogram because it has curved lines.

How about a triangle, nope it has three sides, not four.

A rectangle which is a parallelogram has two pairs of parallel sides and four congruent angles. A rhombus has four congruent sides but only the opposite angles are equal. If you combine the rectangle and the rhombus you get a square with four congruent sides and angles.

 

The Area is the base times the height:

Area = b × h

The height is at right angles to the base.

The Perimeter is the distance around the edges.

You can add all 4 sides or use.

 

2 times the (base + side length):

Perimeter = 2(b+s)

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Quadrilateral Family

Recognizing Shapes in Geometry

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Properties of a Rhombus

The Properties of a Rhombus

 A rhombus is a plain, 2d figure that has straight lines. It is considered a quadrilateral so it has four sides and each of these sides are equal. 

The opposite angles of a rhombus are congruent. A rhombus has been described as a special parallelogram. Remember a parallelogram has two pairs of parallel sides. A rectangle, which is a parallelogram has two pairs of parallel sides and four congruent angles. A rhombus has four congruent sides but only the opposite angles are equal, however, all four angles can be congruent. If you combine a rectangle and a rhombus you get a square with four congruent sides and angles.

 

The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular and they also create four congruent interior right triangles. 

The diagonals cut each other in half, in other words, they bisect each other, however, they don't have to be the same length. 

If you need to find the perimeter of a rhombus you can take four times one side or 4S

The formula for the area if you're giving the height, remember the height is perpendicular to the side, is height times side of the Rhombus.

Height x Side 

If you're given the length of the diagonals you can use,

 Diagonal 1 x Diagonal 2/2 

or

½(D1 x D2)

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Pythagorean Triples

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Why my dog Rollins Loves Soil Horizon Layers

Why does my dog Rollins dig soil?

Soil is all around us and my dog Rollins loves to dig in the soil.

You walk on grass rooted in the soil and eat food grown in soil.

Plants and trees need soil to grow but what is soil composed of?

If you look at a chart of soil you will see that soil is made up of.

• 45% Minerals
• 5% Organic matter like decaying plants and animals
• 25% Water
• 24% Air

You can also study soil by looking at the soil profile and the soil horizon.

A vertical layer of soil that shows all of the different layers is called the soil profile.

Much like your profile on Facebook tells others all about you, the soil profile tells others all about the soil.

A soil horizon is each individual layer of the profile. Each layer has different physical properties.

The horizon layers are o a e b c r

O also called litter is composed it contains dead leaves, twigs, sticks, fallen trees 

The O horizon is thin in some soils, thick in others, and not present at all in others.

A also called topsoil contains rich organic matter along with some minerals. This layer contains decomposers. The decomposers perform the task of breaking down plants and animals. The remains of these plants and animals create a mixture called humus which is a dark, organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decays.

E also is known as the Eluviated layer, is created when water moves down the soil substances and is removed and pulled out in this layer resulting in a concentration of sand and silt particles composed of quartz or other resistant materials.  This layer may be missing in some soils

B  also called Subsoil is lighter in color, many times reddish or brownish in color because it has less humus. It is a zone of accumulation where materials like clay collect from the movement of water downward.

C  also called Parent material contains much of the material that the soil was originally made from. It also contains rock fragments. Weathering breaks down this parent rock into smaller and smaller pieces of rock. This layer is most often light in color.

R also called Bedrock  A mass of rock such as granite, basalt, quartzite, limestone, or sandstone that forms the parent material for some soils.

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Rock Cycle

Diagram Rock Cycle

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Anatomy of a Transverse Wave?

A transverse wave has oscillations that move perpendicular to the movement of the wave.
Let’s look at the anatomy of a transverse wave.

• The highest point of the transverse wave is called the crest.
• The lowest point of a transverse wave is the trough.
• The resting point also called the undisturbed position is the position the medium would take if there were no waves created. You can think of the resting point as a completely flat body of water.
• It is represented on a graph by a line through the center of the wave.
• The propagation is the direction of the wave.
• The wavelength which is represented by the symbol lambda is the distance of one wave, it is measured either from trough to trough or from crest to crest.
• Amplitude is a measure of the energy of a wave and is the distance that the crest rises above the resting point or the distance that the trough is below the resting point. The more energy a wave carries the greater the amplitude.

Frequency is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second. Wave frequency is measured in hertz Hz.
For a transverse wave, you can count the number of crests or troughs that pass a certain fixed point.
A shorter wavelength will result in a higher frequency than a longer wavelength.

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WISE WORDS ABOUT LIFE-School Success

Wise Precepts for Life?

Use these wise words for motivation in life and school. We all need words of encouragement and words to help motivate us. These short statements will help. 

• If you don't have big dreams, big dreams can't come true. 

•   If you can complete these three habits consistently, Worry Less Exercise Daily Think Positive Life will move in a positive direction 

• Don't just wander through Life Dream Big Make a Plan Set Goals Take Action. 

• Miracle Equation, Unwavering Faith plus Extraordinary Effort 

• Avoid Negative People 

• Follow One Course Until Success 

• If you don't ask you don't get. 

• Your level of success is related to the questions you ask yourself.

• Failure moves you forward 

• Well done is better than well said, Ben Franklin. 

• Making commitments builds hope, keeping commitments builds trust. 

I suggest you reread the list a couple of times or watch the video several times and settle on one or two statements that you can focus upon.

I have used " If you don't ask, you don't get" as my yearly theme.

For example, if I don't ask my students to do great things then I probably won't get great work.

If I don't ask for a discount, then I probably won't get one.

If I don't ask myself to save money, I probably won't. 

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Top 7 Videos for Overcoming Obstacles

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