This MooMooMath and Science video explains igneous rocks, which are formed from molten rock (magma or lava) that cools and solidifies. The term "igneous" comes from a Greek word meaning "fire." There are two main types of igneous rocks:
Intrusive (formed from magma inside the Earth)
Extrusive (formed from lava on the Earth's surface)
Key differences between intrusive and extrusive rocks include:
Location of formation (inside vs. on the surface)
Cooling rate (slow vs. fast)
Crystal size (large vs. small or none)
Texture (coarse vs. fine or glassy)
Igneous rocks can also be classified as:
Mafic (low silica, dark, rich in magnesium and iron)
Felsic (high silica, light, rich in feldspar and silica)
The video also highlights examples of igneous rocks:
Obsidian – extrusive, glass-like, made of quartz and feldspar
Granite – intrusive, coarse-grained, made of feldspar, quartz, and mica
Basalt – extrusive, dark, fine-grained, made of feldspar and pyroxene
Scoria – volcanic, porous, with mineral-filled cavities
Rhyolite – extrusive, light, fine-grained, can float in water
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