Here are several basic facts to help you understand Genetics.
• Mendel's Pea Plant Experiments and the Foundation of Genetics: Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants between 1856 and 1863 established fundamental principles of heredity. He observed seven characteristics (e.g., plant height, flower color, seed shape) and identified dominant and recessive traits, laying the groundwork for understanding gene inheritance patterns.
• Genotype and Phenotype: Mendel's work introduced the concepts of genotype (the genetic makeup, using homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive pairings) and phenotype (the observable physical traits). He showed how the interaction between these determines the expressed characteristics.
• Alleles and Homozygous/Heterozygous States: Mendel's findings led to the understanding of alleles (different forms of the same gene), homozygous (identical alleles for a trait), and heterozygous (different alleles) states. This understanding formed the basis for future advancements in genetics, including DNA mapping and fingerprinting.
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